What amendment was added to ensure African Americans could vote after the Civil War?

The 15th Amendment was specifically designed to prohibit the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Ratified in 1870, it aimed to ensure that African American men, who had been disenfranchised before the Civil War, were granted the legal right to participate in elections.

This amendment emerged in the context of the Reconstruction era when Congress sought to address the consequences of slavery and establish equal rights for former enslaved individuals. While the 14th Amendment does address citizenship and equal protection under the law, it does not explicitly guarantee the right to vote. The other amendments listed, such as the 12th, primarily deal with electoral processes, and the 16th Amendment relates to income taxation, thus making them unrelated to voting rights for African Americans.