What does demography primarily deal with?

Demography primarily focuses on understanding the characteristics and changes within populations, which includes examining rates of population change. This encompasses various factors such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration, all of which influence the size and composition of a population over time. By analyzing these rates, demographers can identify trends and patterns that affect societies, including aging populations, fertility trends, and migration patterns, providing crucial insights into social dynamics and policy planning.

The other aspects mentioned, like cultural changes or geographical distribution, are indeed important in the broader study of populations but do not constitute the core focus of demography as a science. While understanding population size, density, and distribution contributes to the demographic picture, the essence of demography lies in the statistical analysis of how populations evolve and transform over time through their rates of change.