What was the main purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was primarily enacted to address the growing concern over monopolies and trusts that were perceived to stifle competition and manipulate markets to the detriment of consumers and small businesses. The Act aimed to promote fair competition by prohibiting business activities that were deemed anti-competitive, including the idea of monopolization. By making it illegal to restrain trade or commerce through such practices, the legislation sought to ensure a competitive economic environment.

This was particularly important during this period when large corporations were forming trusts that could dominate industries, leading to unfair pricing and the elimination of smaller competitors. The Act was a significant step towards regulating big businesses and ensuring that no single entity could monopolize a market, which is why it is correctly recognized as being focused on breaking up monopolies and trusts. Understanding this context helps clarify the Act's essential role in shaping antitrust policies in the United States.