What was the outcome of the 1902 mine workers' strike?

The outcome of the 1902 mine workers' strike was marked by the successful intervention of the federal government. This strike involved coal miners in the Anthracite Coal Fields of Pennsylvania, where they demanded better wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions. As the strike prolonged, it led to significant coal shortages, affecting the economy and heating supplies for many Americans, which prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to step in.

Roosevelt's administration acted as a mediator, a notable shift from previous responses to labor disputes that often favored business interests. He invited both parties to the White House for negotiations, which resulted in an agreement that granted the miners a wage increase and reduced working hours, although it did not recognize the United Mine Workers as a bargaining agent. This intervention set a precedent for federal involvement in labor disputes, illustrating a growing recognition of workers' rights during that era.

The other options do not encapsulate the intervention by the federal government, which played a crucial role in resolving the dispute and addressing the miners' demands to some extent. The resolution was not a complete surrender by the mine operators or an independent resolution solely by union leaders, nor did it result in increased workforce rights without conditions. Thus, the federal government's mediation was a pivotal aspect of